![]() To better distinguish these varieties, it is necessary to decipher the genetic or epigenetic origin of the skin color mutations, then to develop molecular genetic or epigenetic markers to help institutions such as the Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) to accelerate testing of fruit species. Apple varieties appear to come about as clearly distinctive mutants, but certain apple mutants, for example derived from the “Gala” variety, may only show subtle phenotypic changes and are difficult to distinguish from each other, thus requiring long and expensive tests. The DUS test exists to allow new varieties to enter the market legally and allow plant breeders to protect their rights. ![]() Furthermore, it is used to determine whether distinctive traits are expressed uniformly (“uniformity”), and whether subsequent processes will change the phenotype of the generation (“stability”). This process aims to determine whether a new variety is different from an existing variety within the same species (“distinctness”). In Europe, distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) testing of fruit species is long and expensive compared to other crop sectors. Therefore, anthocyanin is key to improving our understanding of the genes and mechanisms involved in this trait. The red coloration of the skin of an apple fruit is mainly attributed to anthocyanin pigmentation. The present review investigates the molecular nature of sports affected in apple skin color giving arguments in favor of the genetic or epigenetic explanatory models.Īpple skin color is one of the most important factors determining the acceptance and economic value of apples. Recent technological advances and the availability of several high-quality apple genomes now provide the bases to understand the exact nature of the underlying molecular changes that are responsible for the observed phenotypic changes observed in sports. Until recently, the detailed genetic or epigenetic changes resulting in heritable phenotypic changes in sports was largely unknown. These differences affect a limited number of traits of economic importance, including skin color. Indeed, many “sports” exist that show distinct phenotypic differences compared to the varieties from which they originated. For apples, most novel varieties are so-called “mutants” or “sports” that have been identified in clonal populations. Skin color is, thus, one of the most important criteria taken into account by breeders. In fact, it has a major influence on consumer choice. Apple skin color is an important trait for organoleptic quality.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |